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Kryptografi

Kryptografi er vitenskapen og praksisen som sikrer informasjon ved å omdanne den til et uleselig format som sikrer at bare autoriserte parter kan forstå og få tilgang til den.

Kryptografi innebærer ulike teknikker for å kryptere og dekryptere data, noe som gjør det til en hjørnestein i moderne cybersikkerhet.

Nøkkelbegreper innen kryptografi er blant annet

  • Kryptering: Prosessen med å konvertere klartekst til chiffertekst ved hjelp av en algoritme og en nøkkel.
  • Dekryptering: Reversering av krypteringsprosessen for å konvertere chiffertekst tilbake til lesbar klartekst ved hjelp av en nøkkel.
  • Kryptografi med symmetrisk nøkkel: Bruker samme nøkkel til både kryptering og dekryptering.
  • Asymmetrisk nøkkelkryptografi: Bruker et par nøkler - en offentlig nøkkel for kryptering og en privat nøkkel for dekryptering.

Kryptografi brukes til å beskytte sensitiv informasjon, sikre dataintegritet, autentisere brukere og sikre kommunikasjon over nettverk som ikke er til å stole på. Det er grunnleggende i applikasjoner som sikker e-post, nettbank og digitale signaturer, og beskytter data mot uautorisert tilgang og cybertrusler.

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