Glossary

Cryptography

Cryptography is the science and practice of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format, ensuring that only authorised parties can understand and access it.

It involves various techniques to encrypt and decrypt data, making it a cornerstone of modern cybersecurity.

Key concepts in cryptography include:

  • Encryption: The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key.
  • Decryption: Reversing the encryption process to convert ciphertext back to readable plain text using a key.
  • Symmetric Key Cryptography: Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption.
  • Asymmetric Key Cryptography: Utilises a pair of keys—a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Cryptography is used to protect sensitive information, ensure data integrity, authenticate users, and secure communications over untrusted networks. It is fundamental in applications such as secure email, online banking, and digital signatures, safeguarding data against unauthorised access and cyber threats.

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