Glossary

Encryption

Encryption is the process of converting readable data, known as plaintext, into an unreadable format called ciphertext, using a specific algorithm and a key.

This transformation ensures that only authorised parties with the correct key can decrypt and access the original information.

Key concepts in encryption include:

  • Algorithm: The mathematical procedure used to transform plaintext into ciphertext.
  • Key: A secret value used by the algorithm to perform encryption and decryption.
  • Symmetric Encryption: Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, requiring secure key sharing between parties.
  • Asymmetric Encryption: Uses a pair of keys—a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption, enhancing security as the private key is never shared.

Encryption is crucial for protecting sensitive information, ensuring data privacy, and securing communications over untrusted networks. It is widely used in applications like secure email, online transactions, and data storage, safeguarding information from unauthorised access and cyber threats.

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